missional leadership table

Table 1
Summary of Reviewed Articles (Missional Leadership: A Critical Review of the Research Literature, Truls Åkerlund)
Author	Topic	Definition/Characteristics	Context^*	Methodology	Results^*
Breedt & Niemandt, 2013	Relational leadership and the missional church	Missional leadership as relational leadership modelled on the relationship within the Trinity		Theoretical
Chai, 2006	Formation of missional leaders	A missional understanding of leadership formation bridges Trinitarian theology with ecclesiology, emphasizing the missionary nature of the church	Taiwan Baptist	Mixed-methods sequential exploratory design	Detected lack of intentional strategy for leadership formation
Cooke, 2013	Cultivating missional leadership characteristics through a small group spiritual formation program for pastors	Missional leadership involves the formation of disciples of Jesus Christ who understand their role in continuing the ministry of Jesus by reaching out in love to the world as the sent people of God	USA Methodist	Mixed-methods	Higher levels of spiritual vibrancy, greater awareness of the relationship between spiritual life and ministry, renewed conviction of the importance of spiritual formation practices, greater desire to model Christ-like leadership, and an increased appreciation of mentoring others in practices related to spiritual formation
Doornenbal, 2012	Conceptualize leadership as phenomenon in Mission-Shaped churches, hence defining missional leadership	The conversational processes of envisioning, cultural and spiritual formation, and structuring within a Christian community that enable individual participants, groups, and the community as a whole to respond to challenging situations and engage in transformative changes that are necessary to become, or remain, oriented to God’s mission in the local context		Theoretical
Elton, 2007	Congregational dynamics to empower missional leadership	Persons who understand their calling as disciples of Jesus Christ, who see themselves as equipped by God with certain gifts to be shared with the larger body of Christ, and who believe they are empowered by the Spirit to engage the world through participating in the creative and redemptive mission of God	USA Lutheran	Qualitative (grounded theory)	Eight common cultural characteristics vital for empowering of missional leadership: an active view of God, the world as the horizon, discipleship as a way of life, congregational systems as a network of people, the dance of leadership, tension of ministry and mission, a vibrant Lutheran identity, and a changing and adapting posture
Graham, 2013	The leadership dynamics of a missional church in the city	Missio Dei as center for church structure. Missional leadership involves leading change in a way that multiply leaders and grow the church that leads to the renewal of the city	USA Baptist	Mixed-methods	Suggest an eight-step leadership change process for missional leadership in urban settings that includes proclamation, hospitality, and reconciliation as central practices.
Guder, 2007	Missional vocation as walking worthily	Collegial in character, focusing on the equipping priority of the Word, and emphasizing the personal apostolate		Theoretical
Hagley, 2008	Missional leadership as public improvisational identity formation	The practice of cultivating a fluid, public identity which embodies the good news of God in Jesus Christ		Theoretical
Ibengi & Starcher, 2011	Role of leaders in accomplishing God’s mission in Africa	A person God has called to provide direction to a group or movement to accomplish God’s plan and purpose	Africa	Theoretical
Lemler, 2010	Characteristics of missional leader	Marked by mission clarity, confidence, learning, perspicuity and vision, ability to envision future possibilities and develop strategies, entrepreneurial and evangelistic		Theoretical
Miller, 2011	Leader motivation, organizational culture, and primary practices of leading missional congregations	(Not defined)	USA	Exploratory multi-case study in five missional communities	Affective-identity (i.e., the belief that one has the desire and abilities to lead) as primary and social-normative (i.e., compelled by some sense of social duty and obligation) as secondary motivation of missional leaders
Muzio, 2004	Missional leadership model for Brazilian Evangelical churches	Modelled on the incarnation, life, death, resurrection, ascension, and return of Christ, the missional leader is one who forms congregations into mission groups shaped by encounters with the gospel in the culture		Theoretical
Spellers, 2010	Six essential leadership practices that will help the church become the missional people of God	Missional leadership as relational organizing, that is, the art of building relationships in order to move groups into action for a common purpose		Theoretical
Ward, 2010	Visionary, entrepreneurial, and missional Anglican leadership	Missional leadership is opening space for the ongoing conversion by the Holy Spirit to live more fully into the way of Jesus, and creating space for others to do the same		Theoretical
Willis, 2008	How leader-communicators shape missional culture	Missional leaders equip people to act on faith, crate venues where people can participate in missional life, and shape missional culture through preaching	USA Methodist	Qualitative	Missional churches are led by missional leaders, driven by missional values, active in outreach
Note.^*Context and results are relevant for empirical articles only.