Baptism and Holiness in First Corinthians

Abstract

Paul discusses baptism more frequently in 1 Corinthians than in any other letter. The reason for his interest in the topic is that the Corinthian church has a deficient understanding of baptism. Moreover, their conception of baptism has contributed to dissension within the community largely because they fail to recognize the relationship between baptism and the cross of Christ. Their thinking and conduct, critiqued by Paul throughout the letter, reflects neither the love or self-giving sacrifice that gives meaning to baptism. To remedy this situation Paul also emphasizes holiness. If the Corinthian believers are to faithfully live out the meaning of their baptism, they need to be more mindful of and responsive to the holy condition to which they were called and in which they are to now live as a result of baptism. They were baptized in the Spirit into one body which entails a devotion and responsibility to Christ and to one another. Although critical of the church, Paul is hopeful that the grace of God, made effective through baptism and supportive of holiness, will ultimately bring about the transformation needed in the church.